After a few chapters, there is no do, and the animals of the farm. When the animals take over the farm ubt that Animal farm introduces the reader to alot of both external and internal conflicts. First off there is the external conflicts. The external conflicts is most of the time very obvious. For example there is the conflict between the animals, and all humans. Humanity is described as "tyrannes" and is described as the root of all evil.

Is it not  crystal  clear, then,  comrades, that all the  evils of  this life of  ours spring from the  tyranny of human

beings? Only get  rid of  Man, and the produce of  our  labour would be our own.  A1most  overnight we  could

become rich and free. What then must  we do? Why,  work night  and day,  body and soul,  for the overthrow of

the  human  race! That is  my message to  you, comrades: Rebellion! I do not know  when that Rebellion  will

come,  it  might  be in a week or in a  hundred years,  but  I  know, as surely as I see  this straw beneath my  feet,

that sooner or later justice will be  done.

(Animal Farm, George Orwell, page 3)

Because of this there is obviously a conflict between the animals and humanity. This is even more clear when a direct physical conflict occurs between the animals and some humans.

As  the  human  beings  approached  the  farm  buildings,  Snowball  launched his first attack. All  the pigeons, to

the  number of  thirty−five,  flew to and fro over the men's  heads and muted upon  them from mid−air;  and

while the men were dealing with this, the  geese, who  had been hiding behind  the hedge, rushed out  and

pecked  viciously  at  the  calves of their  legs.  However, this was only a  light  skirmishing  manoeuvre, intended

to create a  little disorder,  and the  men easily drove the geese off with  their sticks.  Snowball  now launched his

second line of attack. Muriel, Benjamin,  and all  the sheep, with Snowball at the head of them, rushed forward

and  prodded and  butted the  men from every side, while Benjamin turned  around and lashed at  them with  his

small hoofs.  But once again the  men, with  their sticks and  their hobnailed boots,  were too strong  for them;

and suddenly, at a  squeal  from Snowball, which was the  signal  for retreat, all the animals turned and  fled

through the  gateway into the yard. 

(Animal farm, George Orwell, page 13)

Except for this conflict, there is also a very obvious external conflict between Napoleon and Snowball. Napoleon and Snowball disagrees in pretty much everything and pretty much argues about everything.

As usual, Snowball and  Napoleon  were in  disagreement.

According to Napoleon, what the animals must do was to  procure firearms and  train  themselves in the  use  of

them.  According  to  Snowball, they must send  out more and more  pigeons  and stir  up  rebellion  among the

animals on the  other farms. The one  argued that if they could not  defend themselves they were bound  to be

conquered, the other argued that if  rebellions happened everywhere  they would have no need to defend

themselves. 

(Animal farm, George Orwell, page 16)

Napoleon and Snowball both wants to appear as good leaders and obviously wants to take on the role as the leader of the society. Their arguing is very similar to the debating that goes on between politicians. Personally i think they are a metaphore for politicians, and what happens next pretty much proves my point. When the people is going to decide who will be their leader, Napoleon scares Snowball away with his well trained dogs and then takes on the role as the leader of the animals. This is obviously a metaphore to what happened in Soviet Russia 1922, when Stalin stole the power from Trotskij.

By the time he had finished speaking,

there was no  doubt as to which  way  the vote  would  go. But  just at  this  moment  Napoleon stood up  and,

casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball,  uttered a high−pitched whimper  of a kind no one had ever heard

him  utter before. 

At this  there  was  a  terrible baying  sound  outside,  and  nine  enormous  dogs  wearing brass−studded collars

came  bounding into the  barn.  They dashed  straight for Snowball, who only  sprang from his  place  just in  time

to escape their  snapping  jaws. In a moment he  was out of the door and  they were after him. Too  amazed  and

frightened to speak, all  the animals  crowded  through the door to  watch the chase. Snowball was racing across

the  long pasture that led  to the road. He was running as only a pig can run, but  the dogs were  close on his

heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain  that  they had  him. Then he was up again, running faster than

ever, then the  dogs were gaining on  him again. One  of them  all  but  closed his  jaws on  Snowball's tail, but

Snowball whisked it  free just in time.  Then he put on  an  extra spurt and, with  a few inches to spare,  slipped

through a hole  in  the hedge and was seen no more. 

(Animal farm, George Orwell, page 16)

There is also a couple of internal conflicts that is going on. First off, there is Mollie. Mollie seems to have liked how the farm was before the animals took over. Therefore, Mollie can't really decide what is right. To stay with the animals or to escape to the humans.

"Mollie," she  said, "I  have something very serious to say to you.  This morning I saw you looking over the

hedge that divides Animal  Farm from  Foxwood. One of Mr. Pilkington's men was  standing on  the  other side

of the  hedge. And−I was a long way away, but I  am almost  certain I saw this−he was  talking to you and you

were allowing him to  stroke your nose. What does that  mean, Mollie?" 

"He  didn't! I wasn't!  It isn't true!"  cried Mollie, beginning to  prance about and paw the ground. 

"Mollie! Look me  in the face. Do you give me your word  of  honour  that that man was not stroking your

nose?" 

"It  isn't true!" repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in  the face,  and the next moment she took to her

heels  and galloped  away into  the field. 

A thought struck Clover. Without saying anything to the others, she  went to Mollie's stall and turned over the

straw with her hoof. Hidden  under  the straw was a  little pile of lump sugar and several bunches  of  ribbon of

different colours.

(Animal farm, George Orwell, page 14)

Yet another internal conflict occurs when Boxer kicks a human that is trying to invade the farm. Boxer thinks he has killed the human and can't decide if it was right. Even if animals such as Napoleon says it was right, Boxer can feel that it wasn't morally right. 

"He is  dead," said Boxer sorrowfully. "I had no intention of doing  that. I forgot that I was  wearing iron  shoes.

Who will believe that  I did  not do this on purpose?" 

"No sentimentality, comrade!" cried  Snowball from whose wounds the  blood was still  dripping. "War  is war.

The only good human being is  a dead  one." 

"I have no wish to take life, not even human life," repeated Boxer,  and his eyes were full of tears.

(Animal Farm, George Orwell, page 13)

The enviroment is actually quite simple. Actually, not many physical enviroments except for the farm is described at all. The main focus of the book is the different personalities and how they change and interact with eachother when the animals form a society. Because of this, the physical enviroment isn't really relevant and therefore isn't really described. Of course there is some places that are mentioned. For example there is the different houses of the farm like the barn and the farm house. But other than that there isn't alot of physical enviroments that are mentioned. It feels as if the enviroment doesn't really matter anyways since the whole book is pretty metaphorical and because the enviroment doesn't really affect the social conflicts that can occur while forming a society. Most of the information that you get about the enviroment have to be concluded by the reader from certain actions and behaviours. For example there is this event at a really early stage of the book where the animals just took over the farm that indicates that there is fences around the farm. "Napoleon sent for pots of black  and  white paint  and led the way down  to the five−barred gate that gave
on  to the main road."(Animal Farm, George Orwell, page 8)
Since there is a gate, there is obviously also a fence.

The weather in the enviroment constantly changes. One chapter it might be summer, and during the next it might be cold winther. This is because the book is written over a large time span.

Even though the author doesn't really describe the physical enviroment alot, there is a social enviroment that is very clearly illustrated by the autor. At the start of the book the social enviroment is very friendly and democratic. However, after a few chapters the society changes and the enviroment becomes very tense and strict since sort of a dictature forms. This is very clear when Napoleon takes on the role as the leader of the society and uses his well trained dogs to make people scared of disagreeing with him.

Some of the pigs  themselves, however,
were more articulate.  Four  young porkers in the  front row uttered shrill  squeals of disapproval,  and all four of
them  sprang to  their feet and began speaking at  once.  But  suddenly the  dogs sitting round Napoleon let out
deep, menacing growls, and  the  pigs  fell silent  and sat down again. (Animal farm, George Orwell, page 17)

Even though the writer doesn't describe the enviroment directly alot, i can still envision it. This is because all of the subtle actions and behaviours that indicates a certain enviroment. The small things like the gate that indicated a fence in the first quote all comes together after a few chapters and therefore i can envision the enviroment even though the writer doesn't write it out.

.

As the story goes on, I can't help noticing some differences in the personalities of the animals. They all have different characteristics. For example there is Boxer and Clover, the two horses, that both are quiet and shy but works alot with tasks that require alot of muscles. Both Boxer and Clover are very muscular and are very helpful when muscles is needed. Boxer is referred to as an incredible labour that seems to have the muscles of three horses.

Boxer was  the admiration of everybody. He had
been a hard  worker even in Jones's time,  but now he seemed more like three horses  than one; there  were days
when the  entire work of the farm seemed to  rest on his mighty shoulders. From morning  to night  he was
pushing  and pulling, always at the spot where the work was  hardest. He had  made an arrangement with one of
the cockerels to call him in  the  mornings half an hour earlier than  anyone else, and  would  put in  some
volunteer  labour  at whatever seemed to be most needed, before  the  regular  day's  work  began. His answer  to
every problem, every  setback, was "I will  work harder!"−which he had adopted as his  personal motto.

Another interesting character is Squealer, one of the pigs. Like all of the pigs, Squealer is referred to as a relitively intellectual animal compared to the other animals at the farm. This due to the pigs being able to read and write. Because of this the pigs have all taken on the role of being "the brain" of the farm. The pigs isn't working in the fields as the other animals. The pigs is instead leading animals, spreading their message, teaching other animals to read and write, and so on. Squealer is not only smart but also has a very good persuasiveness. This is shown when the pigs got caught drinkin all the milk for themselves.

Squealer  was sent  to make the necessary explanations to the others.
"Comrades!" he cried. "You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are  doing this  in  a spirit  of selfishness and
privilege? Many of  us  actually  dislike milk and apples.  I dislike them myself. Our sole  object in  taking  these
things  is  to preserve our  health. Milk and  apples  (this  has been  proved by Science, comrades) contain
substances absolutely necessary to  the  well−being of  a pig. We  pigs  are brainworkers.  The  whole
management and  organisation of this  farm  depend on us. Day and night we  are watching over  your  welfare.  It
is  for your  sake that we  drink  that milk and eat those  apples.  Do  you know what would  happen if we pigs
failed in our duty? Jones  would  come  back!  Yes, Jones  would come  back!  Surely,  comrades,"  cried  Squealer
almost pleadingly,  skipping  from  side to side  and  whisking his  tail, "surely there is no one among you who
wants to see  Jones come back?"

Some other mentionable characters are Moses and Mollie. Mollie is a mare that seems to be very flirty. She is described as a bit naive and gullible. She is also quite egoistic and does not really care about much except for herself and sugar. A clear example of this is when the pigs is trying to learn the other animals to write.

"Mollie  refused to  learn any but the  six letters  which  spelt her own name."

Moses is a black raven. Moses is described as a bit of a mythomaniac since he always keeps tricking the animals that when they die they get to the so called "Sugarcandy mountain". Sugarcandy is as the name suggests a mountain made out of sugar. And according to Moses this is where all the animals go when they die.

I can´t wait to see what happens next!

The book Animal Farm by George Orwell is about a wide variety of animals living in a farm that starts a rebellion against the human and takes over the farm. The book starts out relatively straightforward. A pig related to as The Old Major tells everyone he have had a dream that he has to share. Later that night all animals gathers to hear what he has to say. During this alot of characters is introduced like for example Mollie, a very flirty mare, The horses Cover and Boxer, Benjamin the donkey, The three dogs Pincher, Jessie, Bluebell. And alot of other animals. Before the old Major explains his dream he tells all the animals how he has come to realise that the animals is being used by the humans. He starts holding an impressive speech about how humanity uses animals without giving anything back. The humanity is described as egoistic and self-righteous being the only species that takes without giving anything back.


"Man is the only creature that consumes without  producing. He does  not  give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is
too weak to  pull the  plough, he  cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of  all the animals.  He
sets  them  to work, he gives back  to them  the  bare minimum that will  prevent them from starving, and  the rest
he  keeps for  himself."

Quoted from Major´s speech.

Afterwards, the old Major tells the animals about his dream. He tells everyone that in his dream, he heard a song called "The beasts of England". The old major then sings the song for the animals. The song is about how animals one day will become free and how the soil of the earth should belong to the animals. The major dies three days later but a strong impression has been made and the idea of the animals being free is spreading quickly. One day, when the farmer forgets to feed the animals, the animals have had enough and successfully takes over the farm. This is a very interesting scenario and just the begginning of the book. However, there is alot of quite obvious metaphores and similarities to historic scenarios. For example there is Moses, the raven that is a pretty obvious metaphore for religion.


"The pigs  had an  even harder  struggle to counteract  the lies put  about by Moses, the tame raven. Moses, who
was Mr. Jones's especial  pet, was  a spy and a tale−bearer, but he was also a clever talker. He  claimed to know
of  the existence of a  mysterious country called  Sugarcandy  Mountain,  to  which all animals went when they
died.  It  was situated  somewhere up in the  sky, a little distance beyond the  clouds, Moses said. In Sugarcandy
Mountain  it was  Sunday seven days a  week, clover was in season all the  year  round,  and lump sugar and
linseed cake grew on the hedges."

Also, there is alot of similarities with the situation in soviet russia during the later stages of the second world war. During the second world war Lenin took over russia by using the fact that the people had been mistreated by the emperor of Russia. The old Major uses the same concept except it´s the animals being mistreated by the humans. I don´t want to draw any conclusions yet though since i haven´t read the whole book yet.